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ICSE Class 10 · Biology · Chapter 19

Health Organisations

8 topics · 15 questions

Smart summary

Everything you need, in order

Introduction to Health Organisations

  • Health Organisations: Organizations that promote health, prevent diseases, and provide healthcare services.
  • Levels: (1) International, (2) National, (3) State, (4) Local.
  • Objectives: (1) Disease control, (2) Health education, (3) Research, (4) Emergency response, (5) Policy making.
  • Importance: Coordinate global health efforts, provide aid during crises, improve healthcare access.

World Health Organization (WHO)

  • WHO: Specialized agency of United Nations. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Establishment: 1948. Motto: 'Health for All'.
  • Functions: (1) Sets health standards, (2) Coordinates international health work, (3) Provides technical assistance, (4) Monitors disease outbreaks, (5) Promotes research.
  • Key Programs: (1) Global Polio Eradication Initiative, (2) Tobacco control, (3) HIV/AIDS prevention, (4) Mental health initiatives.
  • COVID-19 Response: Led global efforts including vaccine distribution through COVAX.
  • World Health Day: April 7th every year.
  • Director General: Current: Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

Red Cross and Red Crescent

  • Red Cross: International humanitarian organization. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Establishment: 1863 by Henry Dunant.
  • Functions: (1) Disaster relief, (2) Blood donation, (3) First aid training, (4) Refugee assistance, (5) Health services.
  • Structure: (1) International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC), (2) International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC), (3) National societies (Indian Red Cross).
  • Symbols: Red cross (Christian countries), Red crescent (Muslim countries), Red crystal (neutral).
  • Nobel Prizes: Received multiple Nobel Peace Prizes for humanitarian work.
  • Activities in India: Disaster management, blood banks, health camps, youth programs.

UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)

  • UNICEF: UN agency focused on children's rights and well-being. Headquarters: New York, USA.
  • Establishment: 1946 as United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.
  • Functions: (1) Child nutrition, (2) Immunization, (3) Education, (4) Protection from violence, (5) Emergency aid.
  • Key Programs: (1) Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in India, (2) Polio eradication, (3) HIV prevention in children.
  • Millennium Development Goals: Contributed to reducing child mortality and improving education.
  • Nobel Prize: Received Nobel Peace Prize in 1965.

National Health Organisations in India

  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: Central government ministry. Formulates health policies.
  • Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR): Apex body for biomedical research. Coordinates research on diseases.
  • National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW): Training and research in public health.
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS): Premier medical education and research institute.
  • National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO): Controls HIV/AIDS in India.
  • National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): Improves healthcare in rural areas.

State and Local Health Organisations

  • State Health Departments: Implement national health programs at state level.
  • District Health Offices: Manage healthcare in districts. Run primary health centers.
  • Primary Health Centers (PHCs): Basic healthcare in rural areas. Provide maternal and child health services.
  • Community Health Centers (CHCs): Referral centers with specialists.
  • Urban Health Posts: Healthcare in urban slums.
  • Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs): Community health workers in villages.

International Health Programs

  • Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: Finances programs to combat these diseases.
  • GAVI Alliance: Improves access to vaccines in developing countries.
  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Funds global health initiatives, polio eradication, malaria control.
  • Doctors Without Borders (MSF): Provides medical aid in conflict zones and disasters.
  • Rotary International: Involved in polio eradication through PolioPlus program.

Role in Disease Control

  • Epidemic Management: Organizations coordinate response to outbreaks like Ebola, Zika, COVID-19.
  • Vaccine Development: WHO prequalifies vaccines, ensures safety and efficacy.
  • Health Education: Promote healthy behaviors, hygiene, nutrition.
  • Research and Development: Fund research for new drugs, vaccines, diagnostics.
  • Emergency Response: Provide aid during natural disasters, wars, refugee crises.
  • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all.

Quiz

Test your knowledge

Multiple choice

  1. Question 1 of 15Knowledge
    The headquarters of WHO is located in:
  2. Question 2 of 15Knowledge
    The Red Cross was founded by:
  3. Question 3 of 15Knowledge
    The symbol of Red Cross is:
  4. Question 4 of 15Knowledge
    UNICEF focuses on:
  5. Question 5 of 15Knowledge
    The year WHO was established is:
  6. Question 6 of 15Knowledge
    The organization that provides first aid training is:
  7. Question 7 of 15Knowledge
    The program for polio eradication is:
  8. Question 8 of 15Knowledge
    The apex body for medical research in India is:
  9. Question 9 of 15Assertion-Reasoning
    Assertion (A): WHO declares global health emergencies. Reason (R): WHO monitors disease outbreaks worldwide.
  10. Question 10 of 15Knowledge
    The organization that works for HIV/AIDS control in India is:
  11. Question 11 of 15Knowledge
    World Health Day is celebrated on:
  12. Question 12 of 15Knowledge
    The organization that provides aid in conflict zones is:
  13. Question 13 of 15Knowledge
    The rural healthcare program in India is:
  14. Question 14 of 15Knowledge
    The current Director General of WHO is:
  15. Question 15 of 15Knowledge
    The organization that received Nobel Peace Prize for humanitarian work is:

0 of 15 answered